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本文于2008年7月至2009年8月在西安站点开展了大气细粒子(PM2.5, 空气动力学粒径小于等于2.5 μm的大气颗粒物)中含氮组分的观测,通过元素分析仪、TOC分析仪,离子色谱分析获得PM2.5中的总氮(TN)、水溶性总氮(WSN)、水溶性无机氮(WSIN),水溶性有机氮(WSON)的年平均浓度分别为9.35 μg·m-3、 8.93 μg·m-3、5.31 μg·m-3、3.62 μg·m-3,其中WSN占同期大气PM2.5质量浓度的7.04%,WSON对总氮的贡献达43%,说明水溶性有机氮是西安大气细粒子中氮的主要组分。氮组分浓度水平明显分为秋、冬季高值和春、夏季低值的模式;WSON在各个季节、月份的百分比变化以及与部分离子相关性分析,揭示了西安有机氮和无机氮组分受不同的来源影响,其中生物质燃烧、腐殖质、农业活动等对水溶性有机氮贡献显著。 相似文献
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HUANG Jin-liang DU Peng-fei AO Chi-tan LEI Mui-heong ZHAO Dong-quan HO Man-him WANG Zhi-shi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2):148-152
Characteristics of surface runoff from a 0.14-km^2 urban catchment with separated sewer in Macau was investigated. Water quality measurements of surface runoff were carried out on five rainfall events during the period of August to November, 2005. Water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, TSS, COD, TN, Zn, Pb, and Cu were analyzed. The results show that TN and COD are the major pollutants from surface runoff with mean concentration of 8.5 and 201.4 mg/L, both over 4-fold higher compared to the Class V surface water quality standard developed by China SEPA. Event mean concentration (EMC) for major pollutants showed considerable variations between rainfall events. The largest rainfall event with the longest length of antecedent dry weather period (ADWP) produced the highest EMC of TN, TSS and COD. From the pollutographs analysis, the peak concentration of TN precedes the peak runoff flow rate for all three rainfall events. The tendency of the concentration of TSS, turbidity and COD changing with runoff flow varies between rainfall events. The relationship between TSS and other parameters were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the physical treatment process to control the surface runoff in the urban catchment. Based on the correlation of parameters with TSS, high treatment efficiency of TSS, TN and COD was expected. The most significant event in term of first flush is the one with the strongest rainfall intensity and longest length of ADWP. TN always showed first flush phenomenon in all three rainfall events, which suggested that the surface runoff in the early stage of surface runoff should be dealt with for controlling TN losses during rainfall events. 相似文献
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TAEHOLEE MICHIHIKOIKE MASANORIFUJITA 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2002,14(4):445-450
A laboratory sequential anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor system, which consisted of an anaerobic fixed film reactor and two aerobic chemostats, was set up to degrade tetrachloroethylene (PCE) without accumulating highly toxic degradation intermediates. A soil enrichment culture, which could reductively dechlorinate 900/zM ( ca. 150 mg/L) of PCE stoichiometrically into cis-l, 2-dichloroethylene ( cis-DCE), was attached to ceramic media in the anaerobic fixed film reactor. A phenol degrading strain, Alcaligenes sp. 115, which can efficiently degrade cis-DCE by co-metabolic oxidation, was used as inocuhim for the aerobic chemostats consisted of a transformation reactor and a growth reactor.The anaerobic fixed film bioreactor showed more than 99 % of PCE transformation into cis-DCE in the range of influent PCE concentration from 5μM to 35μM at hydraulic retention time of 48h. On the other hand, efficient degradation of the resultant cis-DCE by strain R5 in the following aerobic system could not be achieved due to oxygen limitation. However, 54% of the maximum cis-DCE degradation was obtained when 10μmol of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) was supplemented to the transformation reactor as an additional oxygen source. Further studies are needed to achieve more efficient co-metabolic degradation of cis-DCE in the aerobic reactor. 相似文献
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对澳门半岛孙逸仙大马路两场降雨时段的地表径流进行采样监测,项目包括浊度、CODCr、Pb、Zn、Cu.结果表明,初期径流水质中浊度和CODCr极高,但随着降雨冲刷强度的增大,SS和Pb的监测浓度增加.路面径流水质参数随降雨径流历时变化的过程曲线,很大程度上取决于降雨特征、路面车流量和路面垃圾清扫状况.2场降雨路面径流初始冲刷现象定量分析结果正好相反,反映了路面径流特征的不确定性和复杂性,因此,需对路面径流冲刷、累积过程的影响因素进行综合考虑. 相似文献
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A laboratory sequential anaerobic aerobic bioreactor system, which consisted of an anaerobic fixed film reactor and two aerobic chemostats, was set up to degrade tetrachloroethylene (PCE) without accumulating highly toxic degradation intermediates. A soil enrichment culture, which could reductively dechlorinate 900μM (ca. 150 mg/L) of PCE stoichiometrically into cis-1,2-dichloroethylene ( cis-DCE), was attached to ceramic media in the anaerobic fixed film reactor. A phenol degrading strain, Alcaligenes sp. R5, which can efficiently degrade cis-DCE by co metabolic oxidation, was used as inoculum for the aerobic chemostats consisted of a transformation reactor and a growth reactor. The anaerobic fixed film bioreactor showed more than 99 % of PCE transformation into cis DCE in the range of influent PCE concentration from 5μM to 35μM at hydraulic retention time of 48h. On the other hand, efficient degradation of the resultant cis-DCE by strain R5 in the following aerobic system could not be achieved due to oxygen limitation. However, 54% of the maximum cis-DCE degradation was obtained when 10 μmol of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was supplemented to the transformation reactor as an additional oxygen source. Further studies are needed to achieve more efficient co metabolic degradation of cis DCE in the aerobic reactor. 相似文献
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澳门城市小流域地表径流污染特征分析 总被引:30,自引:13,他引:17
在澳门半岛选取土地利用为公园绿地和商住混合的2个分流制城市小流域.于2005-08~2005-11借助自动采样器进行流域出口5场降雨地表径流水质水量监测.结果表明,商住混合分流制小流域TN、TP、COD多场降雨平均浓度值分别超出国家地表水环境V类标准4倍以上.公园绿地小流域TN、TP均超出V类水标准2倍多.从降雨-径流过程污染物浓度历时变化看,2个小流域TN和TP呈现一定的初始冲刷现象.TSS与TN、TP的判定系数R2都在0.95以上,地表径流中水土流失与总氮总磷输出显 相似文献